bsc Archives - Apni Physics

Quantum Mechanics Syllabus: Unit-1: Quantum mechanics includes Planck’s quantum, Planck’s constant and light as a collection of photons; Blackbody Radiation: Quantum theory of Light; Photo-electric effect and Compton scattering. Problems with Rutherford model - instability of atoms and observation of discrete atomic spectra; Bohr's quantization rule and atomic stability; calculation of energy levels for hydrogen-like atoms and their spectra. Unit-2: De Broglie wavelength and matter waves; Davisson-Germer experiment. Wave description of particles by wave packets. Group and Phase velocities and relation between them. Two-Slit experiment with electrons. Probability. Wave amplitude and wave functions. Gravitational Red-shift of photons. Quantum Unit-3: Position measurement- gamma-ray microscope thought experiment; Wave-particle duality, Heisenberg uncertainty principle (Uncertainty relations involving Canonical pair of variables): Derivation from Wave Packets impossibility of a particle following a trajectory; Estimating the minimum energy of a confined particle using uncertainty principle; energy-time uncertainty principle- application to virtual particles and a range of interaction. Unit-4: Two slit interference experiment with photons, atoms and particles; linear superposition principle as a consequence; Matter waves and wave amplitude; Schrodinger equation for non-relativistic particles; Momentum and Energy operators; stationary states; physical interpretation of a wave function, probabilities and normalization; Probability and probability current densities in one dimension. Unit-5: One dimensional infinitely rigid box- energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, normalization; Quantum dot as an example; Quantum mechanical scattering and tunnelling in one dimension-across a step potential & rectangular potential barrier. Unit-6: Time-dependent Schrodinger equation: Time-dependent Schrodinger equation and dynamical evolution of a quantum state; Properties of Wave Function. Interpretation of Wave Function Probability and probability current densities in three dimensions; Conditions for Physical Acceptability of Wave Functions. Normalization. Linearity and Superposition Principles. Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions. Position, momentum and Energy operators; commutator of position and momentum operators; Expectation values of position and momentum. Wave Function of a Free Particle. Quantum Mechanics Unit-7: Time independent Schrodinger equation-Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy eigenvalues; expansion of an arbitrary wavefunction as a linear combination of energy eigenfunctions; General solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation in terms of linear combinations of stationary states; Application to spread of Gaussian wave-packet for a free particle in one dimension; wave packets, Fourier transforms and momentum space wavefunction; Position-momentum uncertainty principle. Unit-8: General discussion of bound states in an arbitrary potential- continuity of wave function, boundary condition and the emergence of discrete energy levels; application to one-dimensional problem-square well potential; Quantum mechanics of simple harmonic oscillator-energy levels and energy eigenfunctions using Frobenius method; Hermite polynomials; ground state, zero-point energy & the uncertainty principle. Unit-9: Quantum theory of hydrogen-like atoms: time-independent Schrodinger equation in spherical polar coordinates; separation of variables for second-order partial differential equation; angular momentum operator & quantum numbers; Radial wavefunctions from Frobenius method; shapes of the probability densities for ground & first excited states; Orbital angular momentum quantum numbers l and m; s, p, d,.. shells. Unit-10: Atoms in Electric & Magnetic Fields: Electron angular momentum. Space quantization. Electron Spin and Spin Angular Momentum. Larmor’s Theorem. Spin Magnetic Moment. Stern-Gerlach Experiment. Zeeman Effect: Electron Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Energy, Gyromagnetic Ratio and Bohr Magneton. Atoms in External Magnetic Fields: Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect. Paschen Back and Stark Effect (Qualitative Discussion only). Unit-11: Many electron atoms: Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. Symmetric & Antisymmetric Wave Functions. Periodic table. Fine structure. Spin-orbit coupling. Spectral Notations for the Atomic States. Total angular momentum. Vector Model. Spin-orbit coupling in atoms-L-S and J-J couplings. Hund’s Rule. Term symbols. Spectra of Hydrogen and Alkali Atoms (Na etc.). Reference Books: A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics, P.M.Mathews and K.Venkatesan, 2nd Ed., 2010, McGraw Hill Quantum Mechanics, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, 2nd Edn., 2002, Wiley. Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rd Edn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill. Quantum Mechanics, G. Aruldhas, 2nd Edn. 2002, PHI Learning of India. Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett Learning. Quantum Mechanics: Foundations & Applications, Arno Bohm, 3rd Edn., 1993, Springer Quantum Mechanics for Scientists & Engineers, D.A.B. Miller, 2008, Cambridge University Press Additional Books for Reference Quantum Mechanics, Eugen Merzbacher, 2004, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D.J. Griffith, 2nd Ed. 2005, Pearson Education Quantum Mechanics, Walter Greiner, 4th Edn., 2001, Springer